List of aerial victories claimed by Heinrich Ehrler
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Heinrich_Ehrler_%281945%29.jpg)
Heinrich Ehrler (14 September 1917 – 4 April 1945) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and wing commander during World War II. As a fighter ace, he is credited with 208 enemy aircraft shot down in over 400 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front, with nine claims over the Western Front which included eight in the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.
List of aerial victories claimed
[edit]According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Ehrler was credited with 208 aerial victories.[1] While Spick lists Ehrler with 209 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number of combat missions. Of these, ten were claimed over the Western Allies and the remaining 199 on the Eastern Front.[2] Obermaier lists him with 208 aerial victories claimed in over 400 combat missions.[3] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that Ehrler was credited with more than 182 aerial victories. This figure includes at least 173 claims made on the Eastern Front and 9 on the Western Front, including seven four-engined bombers and eight victories with the Me 262 jet fighter. However, the authors indicate that the records for JG 5 are incomplete. They speculate that the actual number of confirmed victories could also be as low as 150 to 175.[4]
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 36 Ost AG". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[5]
♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Ehrler an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more aeroplanes in a single day.
? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Balke, Bock, Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[6] | |||||||||
1 | 2 September 1941 | 15:00~ | Beaufort | southwest of Stavanger[7] | |||||
According to Mathews and Foreman, the 2nd aerial victory was not documented.[6] | |||||||||
– 13. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[6] | |||||||||
3 | 8 November 1941 | —
|
SB-2 | northwest of Loukhi[8] | ?[Note 1] | 30 November 1941 | —
|
unknown | |
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[10] | |||||||||
4 | 24 January 1942 | 13:20?[Note 2] | Hurricane | west of Pummanki[11] | 9 | 28 April 1942 | 11:00 | Hurricane | vicinity of Pummanki[12] |
5 | 24 January 1942 | 15:45 | MiG-3 | S Tr 14[11] | 10 | 30 April 1942 | 15:20 | Hurricane | vicinity of Shonguy[12] |
6 | 19 February 1942 | 10:58 | I-18?[Note 3] | vicinity of Loukhi[11] | 11?[Note 4] | 12 May 1942 | 14:30 | Hurricane | south of Murmansk[14][15][16] |
7 | 4 March 1942 | 12:05 | Hurricane[11][17] | 12 | 17 May 1942 | 09:00 | MiG-3?[Note 3] | 4–5 km (2.5–3.1 mi) north of Petrijärvi[14] south of Pummanki | |
8 | 24 March 1942 | 18:20 | Hurricane[11][17] | ||||||
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[18] | |||||||||
13 | 28 May 1942 | 15:00+ | P-40 | 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Murmashi[19] | 24 | 25 June 1942 | 09:00+?[Note 5] | Hurricane | 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Murmansk[20] |
14 | 29 May 1942 | 23:00+ | Hurricane | Kola Bay[19] | 25 | 29 June 1942 | —
|
P-40 | 7 km (4.3 mi) east of Shonguy[20] |
15 | 29 May 1942 | 23:00+ | Hurricane | Kola Bay[19] | 26?[Note 4] | 30 June 1942 | 09:00~ | Hurricane | 3 km (1.9 mi) east of Shonguy[20] |
16 | 29 May 1942?[Note 6] | 09:00+ | Hurricane | eastern exit of Kola Bay[15] | 27 | 1 July 1942 | 17:10~ | Hurricane | northern edge of Murmansk[20] |
17 | 1 June 1942 | 15:30~ | Hurricane | 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Murmansk[15] | 28 | 7 July 1942 | 17:00+ | Hurricane | 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Murmansk[20] |
18 | 2 June 1942 | —
|
P-40 | 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Murmansk[15] | 29 | 7 July 1942 | 17:00+ | P-40 | 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Murmansk[20] |
19?[Note 4] | 13 June 1942 | —
|
Hurricane | 20 km (12 mi) west of Murmansk[15] | 30 | 8 July 1942 | 10:00~ | Hurricane | 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Murmansk[20] |
20 | 18 June 1942 | 04:15 | Hurricane | 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Murmansk[15][21] | 31 | 18 July 1942 | 17:00+ | Hurricane | 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Murmansk[22] |
21 | 22 June 1942 | —
|
Hurricane | 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Murmansk[20][21] | 32 | 18 July 1942 | 17:00+ | Hurricane | 20–25 km (12–16 mi) north of Murmansk[22] |
22 | 23 June 1942 | 15:00+ | Hurricane | 3 km (1.9 mi) south of Murmansk[20][21] | 33 | 19 July 1942 | —
|
Spitfire | 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Murmansk[22] |
23 | 25 June 1942 | 09:00+?[Note 5] | Hurricane | 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Murmansk[20][21] | 34 | 19 July 1942 | 10:00+ | P-39 | 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Shonguy[22] |
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 35 to 41 were not documented.[23] | |||||||||
42?[Note 4] | 21 August 1942 | —
|
Yak-1[24][25] | 44?[Note 4] | 21 August 1942 | —
|
I-180 (Yak-7)[24] | 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Murmansk[25] | |
43?[Note 4] | 21 August 1942 | —
|
I-180 (Yak-7)[24] | 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Murmansk[25] | |||||
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 45 to 52 were not documented.[23] | |||||||||
53 | 8 September 1942 | —
|
Hurricane[26] | 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Murmansk | 55[Note 7] | 9 September 1942 | 11:00? | Hurricane | vicinity of Kola |
54[Note 8] | 9 September 1942 | 11:00? | Hurricane | vicinity of Kola | |||||
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 56 to 58 were not documented.[23] According to Mombeek, Ehrler claimed three aerial victories of unknown type on 31 August 1942 labelled as victories 56 to 58.[25] | |||||||||
59 | 19 September 1942 | 14:00+ | Hurricane[27] | 60 | 19 September 1942 | 14:00+ | Hurricane[27] | ||
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 61 to 64 were not documented.[23] | |||||||||
65 | 9 January 1943?[Note 9] | 10:00 | LaGG-3[28] | Kandalaksha[29] | 67 | 9 January 1943?[Note 9] | 10:00 | Hurricane[28] | Kandalaksha[29] |
66 | 9 January 1943?[Note 9] | 10:00 | LaGG-3[28] | Kandalaksha[29] | |||||
According to Mathews and Foreman, the 68th aerial victory was not documented.[23] | |||||||||
69 | 25 January 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[28] | ||||||
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 70 to 72 were not documented.[23] | |||||||||
73♠ | 27 March 1943 | 14:00~ | P-40[30] | vicinity of Tuloma[31] | 95 | 3 June 1943 | —
|
P-39 | |
74♠ | 27 March 1943 | 14:00~ | P-40[30] | vicinity of Tuloma[31] | 96 | 6 June 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[32] | |
75♠ | 27 March 1943 | 14:00~ | P-40[30] | vicinity of Tuloma[31] | 97 | 6 June 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[32] | |
76♠ | 27 March 1943 | 14:00~ | P-40[30] | vicinity of Tuloma[31] | 98 | 6 June 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[32] | |
77♠ | 27 March 1943 | 14:00~ | P-40[30] | vicinity of Tuloma[31] | 99 | 6 June 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[33] | |
78♠ | 13 April 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[30] | 100 | 8 June 1943 | 17:29 | Typhoon[33] | vicinity of Kola railroad | |
79♠ | 13 April 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[30] | 101 | 8 June 1943 | 17:30 | Typhoon[33] | vicinity of Kola railroad | |
80♠ | 13 April 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[30] | 102 | 8 June 1943 | —
|
Typhoon[34] | ||
81♠ | 13 April 1943 | —
|
P-40[30] | vicinity of Murmashi | 103 | 8 June 1943 | —
|
Typhoon[34] | |
82♠ | 13 April 1943 | 17:00+ | P-39?[Note 10] | 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Murmashi 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Murmansk[31] |
104 | 15 June 1943 | —
|
P-39[34] | |
83♠ | 13 April 1943 | 17:00+ | P-39 | 12 km (7.5 mi) north of Murmashi 12 km (7.5 mi) north of Murmansk[31] |
105 | 15 June 1943 | —
|
P-39[34] | |
84 | 19 April 1943 | 11:25~ | P-39 | 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Murmashi 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Murmansk[31] |
106 | 15 June 1943 | —
|
P-39[34] | |
85 | 19 April 1943 | 11:25~ | P-39 | 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Murmashi 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Murmansk[31] |
107 | 21 June 1943 | 19:41 | P-39 | 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Rutschi[33] |
86 | 19 April 1943 | 11:25~ | P-40 | 5 km (3.1 mi) northeast of Murmashi 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Murmansk[32] |
108 | 17 July 1943 | —
|
Pe-2 | Vardø/Poluostrov Rybachiy |
87?[Note 4] | 22 April 1943 | 13:00+ | P-51 | 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Kola[32] | 109 | 17 July 1943 | —
|
Pe-2 | Vardø/Poluostrov Rybachiy |
88?[Note 4] | 22 April 1943 | 13:00+ | P-40 | 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of Kola[32] | 110 | 17 July 1943 | —
|
Pe-2 | Vardø/Poluostrov Rybachiy |
89 | 29 April 1943 | —
|
P-39 | 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Kola[35] | 111 | 20 July 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[34] | |
90 | 29 April 1943 | —
|
P-39[35] | 112 | 20 July 1943 | —
|
Hurricane[34] | ||
91 | 29 April 1943 | —
|
P-39[35] | 113 | 18 August 1943 | 14:35 | P-40 | northeast of Loukhi airfield[36] | |
92 | 30 April 1943 | —
|
P-40[35] | 114 | 18 August 1943 | 14:36 | P-40 | north of Loukhi[36] | |
93 | 30 April 1943 | —
|
P-39[35] | 115 | 18 August 1943 | 16:13 | La-5 | northeast of Loukhi airfield[37] | |
94 | 11 May 1943 | —
|
P-39 | 4 km (2.5 mi) east of Murmashi[35] | |||||
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[38] | |||||||||
116 | 24 September 1943 | 08:50 | P-40[39] | PQ 36 Ost AG[40] | 140♠ | 11 May 1944 | 03:20 | Yak-9 | PQ 37 Ost RE-5/6[41] |
117 | 25 November 1943 | 11:55 | P-40 | PQ 37 Ost UE-6/7, 6 km (3.7 mi) southwest of Petsamo airfield[42] 6 km (3.7 mi) southwest of Pechenga |
141♠ | 11 May 1944 | 07:34 | P-39 | PQ 37 Ost RC-2/3[41] |
118 | 25 November 1943 | 11:58 | P-40 | PQ 37 Ost TC-8/3, 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of Petsamo airfield[42] 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of Pechenga |
142♠ | 11 May 1944 | 07:36 | P-39 | PQ 37 Ost RD-2/4[41] |
119 | 25 November 1943 | 12:03 | Il-2 | PQ 37 Ost TD-7/2, 48 km (30 mi) east of Petsamo airfield[42] 18 km (11 mi) east of Pechenga |
143 | 16 May 1944 | 21:46 | P-39[43] | PQ 37 Ost QB-9/7[41] |
120 | 25 November 1943 | 12:05 | Il-2 | PQ 37 Ost TD-8/9, 27 km (17 mi) east of Petsamo airfield[42] 27 km (17 mi) east of Pechenga |
144 | 16 May 1944 | 21:47 | P-39 | PQ 37 Ost QB-6/9[41] |
121 | 29 January 1944 | 12:17 | Yak-7 | PQ 36 Ost AG-7/7[44] | 145 | 16 May 1944 | 21:48 | P-39 | PQ 37 Ost QC-7/7[41] |
122 | 13 March 1944 | 13:35 | P-40[45] | Poluostrov Rybachiy[44] | 146 | 16 May 1944 | 21:52 | Il-2 | PQ 37 Ost RA-3/3[41] |
123 | 13 March 1944 | 13:37 | P-39[45] | south of Vayda-Guba[44] | 147 | 25 May 1944 | 21:43 | P-39 | northeast of Berlevåg[41] |
124 | 13 March 1944 | 13:40 | Il-2[45] | southwest of Tobowka[44] | 148 | 25 May 1944 | 21:45 | P-39 | northeast of Berlevåg[46][47] |
125♠ | 17 March 1944 | 10:49?[Note 11] | Yak-9[45] | PQ 37 Ost PD-5/7[44] north of Pummanki |
149 | 25 May 1944 | 21:47 | Boston | north-northeast of Berlevåg[46][47] |
126♠ | 17 March 1944 | 10:52 | P-39[45] | PQ 37 Ost OC-6/9[44] | 150 | 25 May 1944 | 21:48 | P-40 | north-northeast of Berlevåg[41] |
127♠ | 17 March 1944 | 10:52 | P-39[45] | PQ 37 Ost OD-5/7[44] north of Rybachy Peninsula |
151♠ | 26 May 1944 | 04:48 | Boston | northwest of Vadsø[46] |
128♠ | 17 March 1944 | 10:53 | Boston[45] | PQ 37 Ost OC-8/1[44] north of Pummanki |
152♠ | 26 May 1944 | 04:49 | Boston | northwest of Vadsø[46] |
129♠ | 17 March 1944 | 15:34 | Yak-9[45] | north of Rybachy Peninsula[49] | 153♠ | 26 May 1944 | 05:02 | P-40 | northeast of Vadsø[46] northeast of Hamningberg |
130♠ | 17 March 1944 | 15:35 | Yak-9[50] | northwest of Pummanki[49] | 154♠ | 26 May 1944 | 05:05 | P-39 | north of Vadsø[46] |
131♠ | 17 March 1944 | 15:36 | Yak-9[50] | north of Pummanki[49] | 155♠ | 26 May 1944 | 05:06 | P-39 | north of Vadsø[46] |
132 | 12 April 1944 | 14:17 | Yak-9[51] | PQ 37 Ost TE-6/2[49] | 156♠ | 17 July 1944 | 18:37 | P-39 | west of Pechenga |
133 | 12 April 1944 | 14:19 | Yak-9[51] | PQ 37 Ost TF-5/3[49] | 157♠ | 17 July 1944 | 18:40 | P-39 | west of Pechenga |
134 | 23 April 1944 | 10:46 | P-39 | PQ 37 Ost RD-1/6[49] | 158♠ | 17 July 1944 | 18:42 | P-39 | southeast of Pechenga |
135 | 23 April 1944 | 10:49 | P-40 | PQ 37 Ost RD-3/8[49] | 159♠ | 17 July 1944 | 19:16 | Yak-9 | northeast of Kirkenes[52] |
136 | 23 April 1944 | 10:50 | P-40 | PQ 37 Ost RE-4/1[49] | 160♠ | 17 July 1944 | 19:18 | Yak-9 | Liinakhamari[52] |
137 | 23 April 1944 | 10:50 | P-40 | PQ 37 Ost RE-4/5[49] | 161 | 21 July 1944 | 06:01 | P-40 | northwest of Hamningberg[52][53] |
138♠ | 11 May 1944 | 03:17 | Il-2 | PQ 37 Ost QE-7/5[41] | 162 | 21 July 1944 | 06:05 | P-40 | northeast of Hamningberg[52][53] |
139♠ | 11 May 1944 | 03:19 | Yak-9 | PQ 37 Ost RE-1/1[41] | |||||
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[54] | |||||||||
163[Note 12] | 17 August 1944 | 09:45 | Yak-9[55] | PQ 37 Ost TB-4[56] | 165[Note 12] | 17 August 1944 | 10:07 | Boston[55] | PQ 37 Ost RA-6/7[56] vicinity of Kirkenes |
164[Note 12] | 17 August 1944 | 10:06 | Boston[55] | PQ 37 Ost RB-7[56] | 166[Note 12] | 17 August 1944 | 10:08 | Boston[55] | PQ 37 Ost RA-5[56] |
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[54] | |||||||||
167 | 23 August 1944 | 12:37 | P-39[57] | PQ 37 Ost RC-6/6[56] | 170 | 16 September 1944 | 12:06 | P-39[57] | PQ 37 Ost RB[56] |
168 | 23 August 1944 | 12:38 | P-39[57] | PQ 37 Ost RD-4/9[56] | 171 | 26 September 1944 | 14:25 | Yak-7 | vicinity of Vadsø |
169 | 16 September 1944 | 12:04 | P-39[57] | PQ 37 Ost RB[56] | 172 | 26 September 1944 | 14:36 | Yak-9 | vicinity of Vadsø |
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 173 to 198 were not documented.[54] | |||||||||
16 October 1944 | —
|
Boston[56] | 17 October 1944 | —
|
Il-2[56] | ||||
17 October 1944 | —
|
Il-2[56] | 199[Note 13] | 22 October 1944 | 09:15[58] | Boston[56] | |||
17 October 1944 | —
|
Il-2[56] | 200 | 20 November 1944 | 11:00~ | Pe-3 | vicinity of Banak[58][59] | ||
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 7 "Nowotny" –[54] | |||||||||
201 | 21 March 1945 | 12:45~?[Note 14] | B-17 | vicinity of Wittenberge | 205 | 24 March 1945 | —
|
B-17[61] | vicinity of Reichswald |
202 | 22 March 1945 | 12:45 | B-17 | Cottbus-Bautzen-Dresden[62] | 206 | 31 March 1945 | —
|
P-51[63] | vicinity of Brandenburg |
203 | 23 March 1945 | —
|
B-24 | vicinity of Chemnitz[64] | 207 | 6 April 1945?[Note 15] | —
|
B-17 | vicinity of Berlin[65] |
204 | 23 March 1945 | —
|
B-24 | vicinity of Chemnitz[64] | 208 | 6 April 1945?[Note 15] | —
|
B-17 | vicinity of Berlin[65] |
Notes
[edit]- ^ According to Mombeek listed as 1st aerial victory claimed with 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77.[9]
- ^ According to Mathews and Foreman at 13:29.[6]
- ^ a b According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Hawker Hurricane.[6]
- ^ a b c d e f g h According to Mombeek listed without an aerial victory number.[13]
- ^ a b According to Mombeek claimed at approximately 10:00.[20]
- ^ According to Mombeek claimed on 30 May 1942.[15]
- ^ According to Mombeek, this was the 55th aerial victory claimed.[25] Mathews and Foreman list this claim with an unknown claim number.[23]
- ^ According to Mombeek, this was the 54th aerial victory claimed.[25] Mathews and Foreman list this claim with an unknown claim number.[23]
- ^ a b c According to Mathews and Foreman claimed on 19 January 1943.[23]
- ^ According to Mombeek claimed as a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk.[31]
- ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:49.[45][48]
- ^ a b c d According to Mombeek with III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 5.[55]
- ^ According to Mombeek, this was the 199th aerial victory claimed.[58] Mathews and Foreman list this claim with an unknown claim number.[54]
- ^ According to Boehme, the combat leading to this aerial victory claim occurred at 09:15 in the vicinity of Dresden.[60]
- ^ a b According to Mathews and Foreman on 4 April 1945.[54]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 328.
- ^ Spick 1996, p. 227.
- ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 57.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 268–271.
- ^ Planquadrat.
- ^ a b c d e Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 268.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003a, p. 142.
- ^ Prien et al. 2003b, p. 430.
- ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 257.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 268–269.
- ^ a b c d e Mombeek 2011, p. 258.
- ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 259.
- ^ Mombeek 2011, pp. 260, 262–263, 265, 270.
- ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 260.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mombeek 2011, p. 262.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 424.
- ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 421.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 269–270.
- ^ a b c Mombeek 2011, p. 261.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Mombeek 2011, p. 263.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 426.
- ^ a b c d Mombeek 2011, p. 264.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 269.
- ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 428.
- ^ a b c d e f Mombeek 2011, p. 265.
- ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 429.
- ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 266.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 223.
- ^ a b c Mombeek 2011, p. 267.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2012, p. 225.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mombeek 2011, p. 269.
- ^ a b c d e f Mombeek 2011, p. 270.
- ^ a b c d Mombeek 2011, p. 271.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 227.
- ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 226.
- ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 272.
- ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 273.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 270–271.
- ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 274.
- ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 314.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2022, p. 144.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 315.
- ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 283.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2022, p. 142.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Mombeek 2011, p. 279.
- ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2022, p. 145.
- ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 284.
- ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 270.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2022, p. 143.
- ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 280.
- ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 281.
- ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2022, p. 148.
- ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 289.
- ^ a b c d e f Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 271.
- ^ a b c d e Mombeek 2011, p. 290.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prien et al. 2022, p. 43.
- ^ a b c d Mombeek 2011, p. 291.
- ^ a b c Mombeek 2011, p. 293.
- ^ Prien et al. 2020, p. 252.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 124.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 130.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 127.
- ^ Boehme 1992, p. 139.
- ^ a b Boehme 1992, p. 129.
- ^ a b Boehme 1992, p. 151.
Bibliography
[edit]- Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- Boehme, Manfred (1992). JG 7 The World's First Jet Fighter Unit 1944/1945. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-88740-395-8.
- Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
- Mombeek, Eric (2011). Eismeerjäger—Zur Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 5—Band 4 [Fighters in the Arctic Sea—The History of the 5th Fighter Wing—Volume 4]. Linkebeek, Belgium: ASBL, La Porte d'Hoves. ISBN 978-2-930546-05-6.
- Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-70-0.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried; Balke, Ulf (2020). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/VI—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/VI—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-22-2.
- Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/I—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/I—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-26-0.
- Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
- Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.